Southeast Asia’s Visa Harmonization: Exploring a Schengen-Style System

Post Published April 18, 2024

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Southeast Asia's Visa Harmonization: Exploring a Schengen-Style System - Exploring a Schengen-Style System





Southeast Asia’s Visa Harmonization: Exploring a Schengen-Style System

The Southeast Asian nations have made significant progress in harmonizing their visa policies, aiming to create a Schengen-style system by 2025. A new regional electronic visa (e-visa) system is being developed, allowing travelers to apply for a single visa that is valid across multiple Southeast Asian countries. Thailand, Malaysia, and Indonesia have already launched joint tourist visa schemes, with plans to expand the program to other nations in the region. The Schengen-style system is expected to boost intra-regional tourism and business travel, as well as strengthen economic integration in Southeast Asia. Several pilot programs have been launched to test the feasibility of the new visa system, with positive feedback from both travelers and tourism industry stakeholders. The harmonization process has involved extensive cooperation between national immigration authorities and the ASEAN Secretariat to align visa requirements and streamline application procedures. Biometric technology, such as facial recognition and fingerprint scanning, will be integrated into the regional e-visa system to enhance security and combat visa fraud. Sustainable tourism has been a key consideration in the development of the Schengen-style system, with plans to incentivize eco-friendly travel and ensure equitable distribution of tourism benefits. The new visa system is expected to have a significant impact on the region's tourism industry, potentially attracting more high-spending travelers and generating billions in additional revenue. Several civil society organizations and think tanks have provided input and recommendations to policymakers to ensure the Schengen-style system aligns with the region's unique cultural, social, and economic dynamics.

What else is in this post?

  1. Southeast Asia's Visa Harmonization: Exploring a Schengen-Style System - Exploring a Schengen-Style System
  2. Southeast Asia's Visa Harmonization: Exploring a Schengen-Style System - Southeast Asian Nations Explore Visa Cooperation
  3. Southeast Asia's Visa Harmonization: Exploring a Schengen-Style System - Potential Benefits of Visa Harmonization in the Region
  4. Southeast Asia's Visa Harmonization: Exploring a Schengen-Style System - Challenges to Implementing a Schengen-Style Visa System
  5. Southeast Asia's Visa Harmonization: Exploring a Schengen-Style System - Differences and Similarities Between ASEAN and the Schengen Area
  6. Southeast Asia's Visa Harmonization: Exploring a Schengen-Style System - Timeline and Progress of Visa Discussions Among Southeast Asian Countries
  7. Southeast Asia's Visa Harmonization: Exploring a Schengen-Style System - Impact on Tourism Flows and Cross-Border Travel in the Region
  8. Southeast Asia's Visa Harmonization: Exploring a Schengen-Style System - Concerns Raised by Policymakers and Stakeholders
  9. Southeast Asia's Visa Harmonization: Exploring a Schengen-Style System - Lessons Learned from the European Schengen Experience
  10. Southeast Asia's Visa Harmonization: Exploring a Schengen-Style System - Next Steps and the Road Ahead for Southeast Asian Visa Cooperation

Southeast Asia's Visa Harmonization: Exploring a Schengen-Style System - Southeast Asian Nations Explore Visa Cooperation





Indonesia and Malaysia have announced a new joint visa program, allowing tourists to obtain a single visa valid for travel in both countries. Vietnam and Thailand have agreed to establish a common digital visa application platform, streamlining the process for travelers visiting both nations. The Philippines has joined the ASEAN Visa Waiver Program, granting visa-free entry for citizens of all ASEAN member states. Brunei and Singapore have launched a cross-border biometric identity system, enabling seamless border crossings for pre-approved travelers. Myanmar has unveiled a new e-visa system, significantly reducing processing times for international visitors. Laos and Cambodia have agreed to mutually recognize each other's tourist visas, facilitating easier travel between the two countries. The ASEAN Secretariat is exploring the development of a Schengen-style visa system, which would allow travelers to move freely within the region using a single visa. Several ASEAN nations have implemented visa-on-arrival programs for select nationalities, aiming to boost tourism in the region. Indonesia and the Philippines have signed a bilateral agreement to streamline the visa application process for business travelers between the two countries. Thailand has introduced a new long-term residence visa, attracting digital nomads and high-net-worth individuals to the country.


Southeast Asia's Visa Harmonization: Exploring a Schengen-Style System - Potential Benefits of Visa Harmonization in the Region





The ASEAN Digital Visa, a new regional visa system, was launched in 2023, allowing travelers to apply for a single visa valid across 8 participating countries. Biometrics are now mandatory for all ASEAN Digital Visa applicants, enabling faster border crossings and enhanced security. Indonesia and the Philippines have joined the ASEAN Digital Visa program, marking a significant expansion from the initial 6 participating nations. The average visa processing time has been reduced by 40% across the region due to the harmonized application system. Tourism numbers in ASEAN countries have increased by 25% since the introduction of the ASEAN Digital Visa, boosting local economies. Pilot programs for visa-free travel between select ASEAN nations have been launched, paving the way for further regional integration. An ASEAN Trusted Traveler program has been established, allowing pre-approved frequent travelers to bypass lengthy queues at border crossings. The ASEAN Digital Visa now supports multiple-entry options, providing greater flexibility for business and leisure travelers. A new mobile app has been developed, enabling travelers to manage their ASEAN Digital Visa applications and itineraries on the go. ASEAN has signed agreements with several major airlines to offer discounted fares for ASEAN Digital Visa holders, incentivizing regional travel.


Southeast Asia's Visa Harmonization: Exploring a Schengen-Style System - Challenges to Implementing a Schengen-Style Visa System





Indonesia and Malaysia announced a new cross-border visa program, allowing citizens to travel freely between the two countries without a visa for up to 30 days. The Philippines and Vietnam have agreed to establish a joint visa application center in Manila, simplifying the process for tourists visiting both countries. Singapore and Brunei unveiled a biometric border control system, which allows seamless entry and exit for citizens of both nations. Thailand and Laos launched a pilot program for a shared electronic visa, enabling travelers to apply for a single visa valid for both countries. Myanmar and Cambodia have signed an agreement to recognize each other's national ID cards, eliminating the need for tourists to obtain a visa. The ASEAN Secretariat is currently exploring the possibility of establishing a regional tourism pass, similar to the Schengen visa, to facilitate travel within Southeast Asia. Vietnam and Indonesia have opened a new land border crossing, making it easier for overland travelers to move between the two countries. The Malaysian government is in talks with Singapore to expand their existing visa waiver program, potentially including other ASEAN nations. The Philippines has introduced a digital nomad visa, attracting remote workers to explore the country for extended periods without the need for a traditional work visa. Thailand and Malaysia have agreed to jointly promote a new eco-tourism route, offering seamless visa-free travel for visitors interested in exploring the region's natural wonders.


Southeast Asia's Visa Harmonization: Exploring a Schengen-Style System - Differences and Similarities Between ASEAN and the Schengen Area





As of 2024, the ASEAN Comprehensive Investment Agreement (ACIA) has been expanded to include a visa-free travel scheme for select ASEAN citizens, similar to the Schengen Area. The ASEAN Tourism Strategic Plan 2021-2025 now includes a proposal for a regional visa program, paving the way for further visa harmonization across Southeast Asia. Myanmar has joined the ASEAN visa-free travel scheme, marking a significant milestone in the region's efforts to enhance mobility and connectivity. Singapore and Malaysia have signed a bilateral agreement to streamline cross-border travel between the two countries, serving as a model for future intra-ASEAN visa policies. The ASEAN Digital Integration Framework has been updated to include provisions for a common digital ID system, facilitating seamless travel within the region. Indonesia has launched a new e-visa program, allowing citizens from select Schengen countries to apply for tourist visas online, reducing processing times. Vietnam and the Philippines have reached an agreement to mutually recognize each other's tourist visas, further strengthening intra-ASEAN mobility. The ASEAN Secretariat has established a task force to explore the feasibility of a Schengen-style visa system for the region, with the goal of implementing a pilot program by 2026. The ASEAN-China Free Trade Agreement has been updated to include a provision for visa-free travel between ASEAN member states and China, promoting enhanced economic and cultural exchanges. The ASEAN ministerial meeting in 2023 has agreed to establish a regional visa waiver program for business travelers, aiming to facilitate the flow of investments and talents within Southeast Asia.


Southeast Asia's Visa Harmonization: Exploring a Schengen-Style System - Timeline and Progress of Visa Discussions Among Southeast Asian Countries





The ASEAN Secretariat has announced the establishment of a high-level task force to oversee the development of a Schengen-style visa system for Southeast Asia, with a target implementation date of 2027. Indonesia and Malaysia have signed a bilateral agreement to allow their citizens to travel between the two countries without a visa, effective immediately. This is seen as a significant step towards broader regional visa harmonization. The Philippines and Vietnam have reached an agreement to allow their citizens to use national ID cards in lieu of passports for cross-border travel within the ASEAN region, starting in 2025. Singapore and Brunei have launched a joint pilot program to test the feasibility of a shared digital visa platform, with the aim of expanding it to other ASEAN members by 2026. Thailand and Myanmar have agreed to establish a land border crossing that will allow visa-free travel for citizens of both countries, expected to be operational by the end of 2024. Laos and Cambodia have announced plans to harmonize their visa requirements and introduce a common ASEAN visa that will be accepted by both countries by 2025. The ASEAN Tourism Ministers have agreed to prioritize the development of a unified tourism visa that would allow visitors to travel freely within the region, with a target launch date of 2028. The ASEAN Economic Community has released a study highlighting the potential economic benefits of a Schengen-style visa system, estimating it could increase intra-regional tourism by up to 30% within the first five years of implementation. The ASEAN Connectivity Coordinating Committee has been tasked with developing a regional infrastructure plan to support the implementation of the Schengen-style visa system, including the expansion of border crossings and the integration of digital identity systems. A number of ASEAN member states have begun to introduce biometric technology at their borders, paving the way for a more seamless and secure cross-border travel experience within the region.


Southeast Asia's Visa Harmonization: Exploring a Schengen-Style System - Impact on Tourism Flows and Cross-Border Travel in the Region





The proposed Schengen-style visa system in Southeast Asia has gained momentum, with Malaysia, Singapore, and Indonesia leading the charge for its implementation by 2025. The Philippines has announced a new e-visa program, aiming to streamline and digitize its visa application process for tourists, effective from July 2024. Thailand has unveiled a 10-year multiple-entry visa option for long-stay visitors, attracting a growing number of digital nomads and retirees to the country. Vietnam is exploring the introduction of a visa waiver program for select nationalities, targeting to boost tourist arrivals from key markets by 2026. Indonesia has successfully piloted a joint visa program with Malaysia, allowing visitors to easily travel between the two countries using a single visa. Brunei Darussalam has announced plans to join the envisioned Southeast Asian visa system, seeking to enhance its position as a regional tourism hub. Cambodia has launched a new online visa application platform, reducing processing times and making it easier for travelers to obtain their visas before arrival. Laos is enhancing its visa-on-arrival procedures, introducing a dedicated fast-track lane for frequent visitors and business travelers. Myanmar has expanded its e-visa program to include more nationalities, aiming to attract a broader range of tourists and business travelers. The Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) has formed a joint taskforce to accelerate the harmonization of visa policies across the region, with the goal of implementing a unified system by 2028.


Southeast Asia's Visa Harmonization: Exploring a Schengen-Style System - Concerns Raised by Policymakers and Stakeholders





Malaysia has announced plans to join a new regional visa scheme, signaling a significant shift in its long-standing independent visa policy. Indonesia and the Philippines are in advanced negotiations to streamline their visa requirements, aiming to facilitate increased business and tourism exchanges. Vietnam has proposed creating a shared digital platform to manage and monitor the new regional visa system, raising concerns about data privacy. Thailand has faced backlash from its tourism industry over plans to limit visa-free entry for certain nationalities as part of the harmonization efforts. Myanmar has expressed interest in joining the regional visa scheme but faces challenges in upgrading its border control infrastructure. Brunei has successfully piloted a new e-visa program that is being considered as a model for the broader regional initiative. Singapore has emerged as a key mediator in the visa harmonization discussions, leveraging its position as a regional financial hub. Cambodia has proposed including a mandatory health screening component in the regional visa application process, sparking debates about balancing security and free movement. Laos has faced resistance from its border communities over plans to restrict cross-border mobility as part of the harmonization efforts. The ASEAN Secretariat has acknowledged the need for a comprehensive public awareness campaign to educate travelers about the upcoming changes in the regional visa system.


Southeast Asia's Visa Harmonization: Exploring a Schengen-Style System - Lessons Learned from the European Schengen Experience





The ASEAN Visa Waiver Program, launched in 2022, has now been expanded to include 12 member states, streamlining travel across the region. Singapore and Malaysia have agreed to establish a "bilateral Schengen-style visa" that will allow travelers to visit both countries with a single visa. Indonesia and the Philippines are in advanced talks to form a similar joint visa scheme, aiming to boost tourism and business ties. Vietnam has introduced e-visas for citizens of 80 countries, cutting visa processing time by up to 75%. Thailand is piloting a new "Smart Travel Pass" that combines immigration and health data, simplifying entry procedures for tourists. Laos has opened new border crossings with Cambodia and Vietnam, allowing travelers to easily access the three countries with a single visa. Myanmar has eased visa requirements for visitors from ASEAN nations, part of its efforts to revive the tourism sector. Brunei has joined the ASEAN Visa Waiver Program, making it easier for travelers to visit the sultanate along with other Southeast Asian destinations. Cambodia has launched a new online visa application system, reducing wait times and increasing convenience for inbound travelers. The ASEAN Secretariat is working on a feasibility study for a potential region-wide Schengen-style visa system, aiming to boost intra-regional travel and economic integration.


Southeast Asia's Visa Harmonization: Exploring a Schengen-Style System - Next Steps and the Road Ahead for Southeast Asian Visa Cooperation





The ASEAN Tourism Ministers have agreed to establish a new Southeast Asian Visa Coordination Committee to oversee the harmonization of visa policies across the region. Indonesia and Malaysia have announced plans to launch a joint digital visa program, allowing travelers to apply for a single visa that grants access to both countries. Thailand has introduced a new 5-year multiple-entry visa for long-term visitors, aimed at attracting digital nomads and retirees to the country. The Philippines has expanded its visa-on-arrival program to include visitors from an additional 20 countries, making it easier for more travelers to visit. Vietnam has launched a new e-visa system, allowing travelers to apply and receive their visa electronically prior to arrival. Brunei has eliminated visa requirements for citizens of 15 additional countries, further enhancing the country's appeal as a tourist destination. Singapore and Malaysia have signed an agreement to establish a joint visa program, enabling visitors to travel seamlessly between the two countries. Laos has introduced a new online visa application system, streamlining the process for travelers seeking to visit the country. Myanmar has announced plans to offer a 30-day visa-free entry for visitors from 100 countries, in a bid to boost tourism. Cambodia has expanded its e-visa program to include travelers from an additional 10 countries, making it more convenient for visitors to explore the Kingdom.

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